Benefits of Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a 3D process used for generating and managing digital models of buildings and infrastructure. It is employed by professionals involved in planning, designing, constructing and managing facilities. The process involves creating and maintaining intelligent models that represent physical characteristics of a facility and include parametric data about the elements within the model. Various software packages fall within the definition of BIM, each offering distinct advantages throughout the life cycle of a facility, from design to construction through operation. While the current state of BIM varies by region and market sector, its adoption and use continue to expand and evolve.
Though discussions on BIM often focus on the 3D model, the information contained within is equally crucial. The National Building Information Model Standard1 (NBIMS) defines Building Information Modeling (BIM) as “the digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility, forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle from inception onwards.”
In essence, BIM extends beyond a 3D computer-rendered virtual mock-up of a structure; it includes a database of information. Apart from physical architectural attributes, a complete BIM encompasses data on building components, such as wall systems, structural elements (including reinforcing steel), electrical systems, HVAC equipment, plumbing fixtures, door and window schedules, and finishes. Often supplemental information is included such as the manufacturer, supplier, and square footage of every material specified on the project.
In other words, BIM is an “Intelligent 3D Model”. Commonly, BIM will be comprised of a collection of models, likely created by various discipline-specific applications, and combined using a common exchange format. Post-construction, BIM serves as a tool for facility owners and operators to effectively manage their assets.
1. “NBIMS-US™ Version 4,” National BIM Standard-United States®, 2023, https://www.nibs.org/nbims/v4
BIM offers many advantages throughout the project lifecycle. Providing a full visual representation of the structure at conception allows all parties to have a better understanding of design intent. Developing elements within the model may assist the detailer when producing placing drawings that meet the needs of the design documents. By combining or overlaying the virtual models from other trades earlier in the project schedule, costly site delays could be prevented through early resolution of clashes, quality issues, and construction obstacles. Specifically, coordination among mechanical, HVAC, and plumbing drawings, etc. Utilizing model data for pre-construction scheduling and staging simulation can also help streamline site operations and improve safety throughout the construction process. As BIM becomes more commonplace, its applications continue to evolve, pushing efficiencies in steel-reinforced concrete construction to ever-increasing new levels.
Organizations such as the American Concrete Institute (ACI) with help from CRSI and its members are continuously refining the IFC specifications to assure that all necessary information is properly defined and inconsistencies between platforms continue to diminish.
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